Overview

• Axial Seamount, located 300 miles off the Oregon coast, is one of the most active submarine volcanoes in the Pacific Northwest.
• The volcano has reached the inflation and seismic thresholds observed before its 1998, 2011, and 2015 eruptions, indicating an eruption is likely before the end of 2025.
• Daily earthquake counts around the volcano have surged to 200–300, with spikes of up to 2,000 as the eruption approaches.
• Experts maintain that the depth and location of Axial Seamount minimize the risk of a large tsunami impacting the Oregon or California coast.
• Lava flows from the eruption are expected to smother hydrothermal vent ecosystems, causing significant but temporary ecological disruption.