Common Virus Linked to Subtype of Alzheimer’s Disease

New research identifies a potential connection between chronic cytomegalovirus infection and a distinct form of Alzheimer’s involving immune and gut-brain pathways.

• Researchers found that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a common virus infecting most adults, may contribute to a unique subtype of Alzheimer’s disease in some individuals.
• This subtype is characterized by specific immune markers, including CD83-positive microglia in the brain and elevated antibodies (IgG4) in the gut, vagus nerve, and brain.
• Experiments showed that HCMV infection in lab-grown brain tissue accelerated production of Alzheimer’s-related proteins and increased neuronal death.
• The virus may travel from the gut to the brain via the vagus nerve, potentially triggering immune changes that contribute to disease progression.
• Researchers are developing a blood test to identify patients with chronic HCMV infections and exploring antiviral treatments as a possible intervention for this Alzheimer’s subtype.

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