Europe Considers Expanding Nuclear Deterrence as U.S. Commitment Wavers

European leaders explore nuclear umbrellas under France and the UK while addressing defense gaps left by reduced U.S. support.

Russia's nuclear arsenal remains the largest globally, with over 4,000 operational warheads and advanced delivery systems, posing a significant threat to Europe.
European nations are exploring enhanced nuclear deterrence strategies, including potential French and UK-led nuclear umbrellas, as U.S. support becomes less reliable under Donald Trump's administration.
French President Emmanuel Macron has proposed extending France's nuclear protection to European allies, though he insists on retaining sole authority over its use.
Poland, Germany, and other European nations are debating increased nuclear cooperation, while some leaders have called for U.S. nuclear weapons to be stationed in Europe to counter Russian aggression.
The EU has launched an €800 billion rearmament plan to strengthen its defense capabilities, combining conventional and nuclear strategies to address growing security challenges.