Overview

• Both parliamentary and technical inquiries are probing how a sudden loss of 15 gigawatts in Granada, Badajoz and Seville within 20 seconds triggered a cascading system failure.
• ENTSO-E has dismissed a cyberattack scenario and is advising on reserve margins and protection schemes.
• Critics faulted Pedro Sánchez for waiting six hours before his first public statement and for initially blaming private operators.
• Utilities report that 99.95% of demand was restored by the following morning after the record 19-hour blackout.
• Lawmakers and energy experts are urging stronger cross-border links, updated emergency protocols and clearer plans for integrating renewables.