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Landmark Genetic Study Pinpoints Biological Basis of OCD

Researchers identify 30 genomic regions and 25 likely causal genes, linking obsessive-compulsive disorder to specific brain circuits and comorbid conditions.

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An illustrative model of a brain stands on the table next to a young EEG test subject.
Washing hands with soap and water.

Overview

  • An international study analyzed DNA from over 50,000 OCD patients and 2 million controls, identifying 30 genetic loci and approximately 250 associated genes.
  • This is the first time specific genes directly contributing to OCD have been identified, with 25 genes highlighted as likely causal.
  • The identified genes are highly active in brain regions involved in planning, decision-making, habit formation, and emotion regulation, such as the hippocampus, striatum, and cortex.
  • OCD shares significant genetic overlap with other psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, anorexia, and Tourette syndrome, as well as immune-related conditions like asthma and migraines.
  • Researchers aim to use these findings to repurpose existing drugs and develop precision therapies, reducing stigma and improving diagnosis and treatment outcomes.