MIT Engineers Develop Artificial Muscles Capable of Multi-Directional Movement

Inspired by the human iris, the breakthrough could advance soft robotics and biohybrid machines with enhanced flexibility and sustainability.

MIT researchers have created artificial muscles that contract in multiple directions, mimicking the functionality of the human iris.
The innovation uses a 3D-printed stamp with microscopic grooves to guide muscle cells into forming complex, multi-oriented fibers.
When stimulated by light, the engineered muscles contract concentrically and radially, showcasing their ability to replicate natural tissue movements.
This advancement could enable soft robots to navigate tight spaces, swim underwater, and provide biodegradable, energy-efficient solutions.
The technique, detailed in the journal Biomaterials Science, has potential applications beyond robotics, including medical uses and the development of other biological tissues.