Overview
- Over 20,000 containers of North Korean artillery shells and missiles were shipped to Russia after September 2023 to support its war in Ukraine.
- Russia transferred at least one Pantsir-class mobile air defense combat vehicle to North Korea and shared ballistic missile guidance data.
- An estimated nine million shells were moved in 49 voyages by Russian cargo ships between January and mid-December 2023.
- North Korea’s ruble account in South Ossetia facilitated illicit financial transactions, and 8,000 DPRK workers were dispatched to Russia in 2024.
- The MSMT urges the DPRK to engage in meaningful diplomacy and calls on all states to implement UN sanctions to uphold international peace and security.