Overview

• Kīlauea's 2018 eruptions were driven by a new type of volcanic mechanism involving sudden ground collapses.
• The collapsing ground increased pressure in the magma reservoir, propelling gas and rock fragments explosively.
• This eruption style, likened to a stomp-rocket toy, differs from typical magma or steam-driven eruptions.
• The findings provide insights into forecasting future eruptions and improving safety warnings.
• Understanding these mechanisms can help mitigate hazards from volcanic plumes and their impact on aviation and health.